Discover Matera, Italy – an ancient city known for its unique cave dwellings, rich history, and vibrant culture. Experience the charm of this UNESCO World Heritage site and understand why it’s a must-visit destination.
When you think of Italy, cities like Rome, Venice, and Florence might spring to mind. However, there’s a hidden gem in the southern region of Basilicata that deserves your attention: Matera. Known for its ancient cave dwellings, rich history, and vibrant culture, Matera is a marvel that offers a unique glimpse into the past while embracing the present.
A Brief History of Matera
Matera’s history stretches back over 9,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city’s most famous feature is the Sassi, ancient cave dwellings carved into limestone cliffs. These dwellings were inhabited until the 1950s when the Italian government relocated the residents due to poor living conditions. Today, the Sassi have been transformed into boutique hotels, chic restaurants, and fascinating museums, blending the ancient with the modern.
The Sassi: Matera’s Stone Heart
The Sassi di Matera, divided into Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano, are the city’s beating heart. Walking through these districts feels like stepping back in time. The narrow, winding streets and stone houses offer a glimpse into how life was centuries ago. Here are some must-see spots in the Sassi:
- Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario: This reconstructed cave house provides insight into the daily life of Matera’s former residents. It’s furnished with traditional tools and furniture, offering a tangible connection to the past.
- Chiesa di Santa Maria de Idris: This rock-hewn church perched on a cliff provides breathtaking views of the city and the Gravina canyon. Its interior is adorned with ancient frescoes, adding to its mystical charm.
- Palombaro Lungo: An underground cistern that once supplied the city with water. This massive, cathedral-like space showcases the ingenuity of Matera’s ancient inhabitants.
Matera’s Cultural Renaissance
In 1993, the Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognizing their historical and cultural significance. This recognition sparked a renaissance in Matera, transforming it into a vibrant cultural hub. In 2019, Matera was named the European Capital of Culture, further cementing its place on the global stage.
Experiencing Matera: What to See and Do
Matera is a city best explored on foot. As you wander through its streets, you’ll discover a wealth of attractions that cater to a variety of interests.
Historical and Cultural Attractions
- Matera Cathedral (Duomo di Matera): Located on the Civita hill, the cathedral offers panoramic views of the Sassi. Its Romanesque architecture and detailed interior are a testament to Matera’s rich history.
- Museo Nazionale d’Arte Medievale e Moderna della Basilicata: This museum houses an impressive collection of medieval and modern art, showcasing the region’s artistic heritage.
- Tramontano Castle: Although unfinished, this 16th-century castle offers a glimpse into the region’s tumultuous past and provides stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
Natural Attractions
- Gravina di Matera: This ravine, with its rugged beauty, is perfect for hiking and exploring. The views from the Belvedere di Murgia Timone are particularly spectacular, offering a sweeping panorama of the city.
- Parco della Murgia Materana: This regional park is home to numerous rock churches and archaeological sites. It’s a great place for nature lovers and history buffs alike.
Savoring Matera: Culinary Delights
Matera’s cuisine is a reflection of its history and geography, featuring hearty, rustic dishes made from local ingredients. Here are some must-try dishes:
- Pane di Matera: This bread, made from durum wheat, is a local specialty. Its distinct flavor and texture make it a perfect accompaniment to any meal.
- Orecchiette: These ear-shaped pasta are typically served with a rich tomato sauce and local cheese. It’s a comforting and delicious dish that captures the essence of Italian cuisine.
- Peperoni Cruschi: These dried, crunchy peppers add a burst of flavor to many local dishes. They’re often used in pasta, salads, and as a standalone snack.
Where to Stay in Matera
Matera offers a range of accommodations to suit every taste and budget. For a truly unique experience, consider staying in one of the many cave hotels in the Sassi. These hotels offer modern amenities while preserving the charm and character of the ancient dwellings.
- Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita: This luxury hotel offers beautifully restored cave rooms with stunning views of the Sassi. It’s a perfect blend of history and comfort.
- L’Hotel in Pietra: A boutique hotel located in a former 13th-century church, offering a unique and intimate atmosphere.
- Le Dodici Lune: This charming hotel features cozy rooms and a rooftop terrace with panoramic views of the city.
Matera in Film and Media
Matera’s otherworldly landscape has made it a popular filming location for movies and TV shows. Most notably, it served as the backdrop for Mel Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ” and the recent James Bond film, “No Time to Die.” The city’s cinematic appeal adds to its allure, making it a favorite destination for film buffs.
Practical Tips for Visiting Matera
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and fall are ideal for visiting Matera, as the weather is mild and the crowds are smaller. Summer can be hot and crowded, while winter offers a quieter, more intimate experience.
- Getting There: The closest airport is Bari Karol Wojtyla Airport, about an hour’s drive from Matera. From Bari, you can take a train or bus to Matera.
- Getting Around: Matera is best explored on foot, especially the Sassi districts. Wear comfortable shoes, as the streets can be steep and uneven.
FAQs about Matera
Q: What makes Matera unique?
A: Matera’s unique combination of ancient cave dwellings, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene make it one of Italy’s most fascinating destinations.
Q: How old are the sassi of Matera?
A: The sassi of Matera date back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human habitation going back thousands of years.
Q: Is Matera a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: Yes, Matera was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993 for its extraordinary cultural and historical significance.
Q: What are some must-try foods in Matera?
A: Some must-try foods in Matera include Pane di Matera, orecchiette con cime di rapa, crapiata, and various lamb dishes.
Wrapping Up Your Matera Adventure
Matera is a city that captivates the imagination and leaves a lasting impression on all who visit. From its ancient sassi to its vibrant cultural scene, Matera offers a unique and enriching travel experience. Whether you’re exploring the rock churches, savoring the local cuisine, or simply wandering through the narrow streets, Matera is a place where history comes alive, and every corner tells a story.
So, what are you waiting for? Plan your trip to Matera and discover the magic of this timeless city for yourself.
